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Are you facing issues like oil leakage, unusual noise, or low pressure in your hydraulic pump?

As one of the best hydraulic pump repair shops in Delhi NCR, we provide complete hydraulic pump repair and service under one roof, covering leading brands like Danfoss, Rexroth, Yuken, Nachi, Eaton Vickers, and Kawasaki.
Our workshop is equipped with testing facilities, genuine spare parts, and skilled technicians to restore your pump’s performance to factory standards. We specialize in:
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Can Rexroth pumps be used in mobile machinery?
Absolutely. Rexroth hydraulic pumps are widely used in mobile machinery such as excavators, loaders, cranes, and agricultural equipment. Their robust design, high efficiency, and responsive control make them ideal for machines that operate under continuous load and varying conditions. Features like variable displacement and load-sensing technology ensure precise hydraulic performance while reducing fuel consumption and wear. Simply put, Rexroth pumps provide reliable power and long-term durability, making them a trusted choice for mobile applications.
Rexroth pumps are used in countless industries. Some of the most common applications include:
•Construction machines– Loaders, cranes, excavators, pumps, and drilling machines rely totally on piston pumps for lifting and heavy movement.
• Industrial Machinery – Injection molding, metal forming, and presses often depend on Rexroth pumps for better hydraulic force and performance.
• Marine and Offshore Systems - this category includes ship steering systems, winches and offshore oil drilling rigs where reliability is critical.
• Energy and Renewable Power – this power is used in and is seen in wind turbines, hydroelectric systems, and oil and gas systems.
• Agricultural Machinery – hydraulic pumps are used in tractors, harvesters, and other agricultural equipment because of their reliability.
Their adaptability makes them a preferred choice in both mobile hydraulics machines that move and stationary hydraulics (industrial setups). For any kind of maintenance, repair or OEM parts replacement, visit Reliable Rexroth hydraulic pump service
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What is the Role of Hydraulic Pumps in Excavators, Loaders, and Bulldozers?



Hydraulic pumps are central to the operation of heavy machinery such as excavators, loaders, and bulldozers. They generally serve as a primary power source that transforms mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to move several components of machinery.

Excavators use hydraulic pumps to control the boom, arm, and bucket during digging, lifting, and rotating, allowing for seamless and efficient operation. Loaders depend on hydraulic pumps for lifting and tilting the bucket, while also controlling steering which enables efficient material movement. Finally, bulldozers primarily utilize hydraulic pumps that allow the blade to lift, tilt, and push large.

If the hydraulic pump is not working, there will be no power, no speed, or no accuracy with the excavator, loader, or bulldozer. Your machine will need a routine maintenance schedule or repairs to make sure that hydraulic pump is working normally. The hydraulic pump can be seen very easily as the heart of every excavator, loader, and bulldozer and a basic functional and performance component for machines that work on a job site.

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Why are Rexroth Hydraulic Pumps the First Choice of Operators?

When it comes to reliability, efficiency, and durability in real-world situations, no one performs like Rexroth hydraulic pumps. Whether you are on a construction site, at a factory, are on a river bank, or are operating a logging operation, any downtime is expensive. If you are running equipment each day, often under stress, the machinery they choose will operate as a pump, regardless of their intended use.

They are built well, intended applications with strong materials, giving the operators dependable constant flow, stable pressure, energy efficient performance, and advanced features to enhance performance. Load sensing and variable displacement models have machines that operate only on the fuel and power needed to operate, thus saving fuel cost and wear and tear on the equipment.

Operators have all the ease of maintenance and Bosch Rexroth Global support and can be assured that this design is the most selected by other operators, when every detail counts and they can't afford a mistake.

Now it's easy to understand why Rexroth hydraulic pumps are the first choice for operators that can't afford a failed response.

From my experiences, the biggest reasons people stay with Rexroth hydraulic pumps is this:

Efficiency: Because there is less wasted energy, there is less fuel or power cost.

Its high pressure rating: many models are rated to continuous operations above 300 bar without damage.

Control: Variable models engage to regulate themselves, making a responsive machine.
Durability: If oil is clean and good practices are followed, it works.

Power in a compact package: One little hydraulic pump can produce high-pressure output and fits into the most compact of designs.

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Where to get Best Service for KPM hydraulic pump repair?

Kawasaki offers a wide range of hydraulic pumps and motors used across various industries such as mobile equipment, industrial machinery, marine as these are known for operating in tough conditions with precision and long life. KPM pumps are compact and its light weight design provides flexibility in installation and make low noise. We offer repair, maintenance, and spare part replacement for all models of KPM pumps. Our inventory is well stocked with OEM parts of all popular models and variants to support business on the spot for handling day-to-day operations.

If you are looking for Kawasaki hydraulic pump repair solutions in Delhi NCR, we are here to support you with best service, expertise, and competitive price.

Our service range include servicing for various types of Kawasaki Parts- Axial piston pumps, screw pump, and gear pumps. We are committed to best service and support after service to keep your machinery up always. For reliable and stable performance of your machinery, take AMC plans for pump repair service.

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Top 7 Common Excavator Hydraulic Pump Problems and How to Fix Them

Excavators are built for heavy-duty work, and at the heart of their performance lies the hydraulic pump. When this pump starts to fail, even a minor issue can slow down operations or cause complete machine downtime. Operators who understand the usual problems can often spot trouble early and avoid expensive repairs.

Here are seven common issues you’ll come across:

1. Low Pressure – Usually linked to leakage inside the pump or seals that have worn out.

2. Overheating – A filter that is dirty or the incorrect type of oil are often reasons the pump is running hotter than normal.

3. Strange Noises – Air bubbles, cavitation, or parts that have come out of alignment can cause whining, rattling, or vibrations.

4. Sluggish Response – When the machine feels sluggish, it may be due to low oil or a blocked hydraulic line.

5. Oil Leaks – Typically, a crack in a hose, a weak fitting, or bad seal, account for leaking oil.

6. Worn Parts – Running on old oil or contaminated oil can cause the wear on pump parts to happen faster.

7. Sudden Failure – If the machine is neglected for too long, it could totally fail and simply stop working.

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Regular servicing, clean oil, and timely inspections are the best way to ensure that an excavator hydraulic pump is taken care of and works properly.

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Why is My Hydraulic Pump Not Building Pressure?

When a hydraulic pump fails to build pressure, it can stop heavy equipment and machines from working properly. This issue often appears in construction, industrial, and farm machinery and usually needs quick attention.

Here’s a detailed checklist of the things you should check before hydraulic pump repair when it is not creating pressure:

1. Hydraulic oil level and fluid condition
2. Air trapped in the system (cavitation or aeration)
3. Worn or damaged seals, pistons, or gears
4. Blocked filters or restricted lines
5. Incorrectly set or stuck relief valve

Ignoring these signs can lead to costly downtime. If the problem continues after basic checks, getting the pump repaired by an expert is the safest option.

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What are the issues that occur in Hydraulic Cylinders & Pump?

Hydraulic machines do the heavy lifting in almost every industry- construction sites, farms, and even factories. At the centre of it all are two parts: the pump and the cylinder. If either one fails, the whole system starts giving trouble. You will notice slow movement, higher fuel use, and downtime that no operator wants.

Most problems do not occur instantly, they give early signs. If you catch them in time, you can save money and avoid a complete breakdown.

1. Oil Leakage
2. Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid
3. Overheating
4. Seal & Bearing Wear
5. Air in the System (Aeration/Cavitation)
6. Misalignment / Overloading
7. Improper Maintenance

In short: leakage, contamination, overheating, air entrapment, wear & misalignment are the biggest common problems in hydraulic cylinders and pumps.

Here, find troubleshooting guides for hydraulic cylinder pump and why they happen, and what operators can do before calling for a major repair.

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What Are the Key Features of Rexroth Hydraulic Pumps?

Hydraulic systems drive many of the most essential machines in the world today, from construction equipment and factory presses to marine systems and energy plants. The hydraulic pump, which receives mechanical input and converts it to pressurised fluid flow, is a key component in these systems.


Among the leading names in hydraulic technology, Bosch Rexroth has built a reputation for manufacturing pumps that combine reliability, efficiency, and precision.


This blog describes key features, major benefits of Rexroth hydraulic pumps and where they are commonly used.
Well-known for their engineering quality, innovative design and good performance.

Some of their features, which they include are discussed below:

1. High Pressure Performance – Many piston pumps can safely run at over 300 bar, well-suited for heavy service.

2. Efficient Design – Extended internal geometry reduced both leakage and energy loss, thus improving operational costs.

3. Options for Variable Displacement - More sophisticated control systems can optimize pumps to only provide the necessary flow to increase energy efficiency.

4. Durability - Made from quality materials and constructed to precise specifications, ensuring use in extreme conditions for an extended period of time.

5. Modularity - There are flexible options in designs that allow the pumps to be fitted to design issues in order to meet specifications for the system.

6. Advanced Controls - Mechanical or electronic controls to be compatible with basic designs or high-tech designs for these types of pumps.


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How Do Excavators Rely on Hydraulic Cylinders?

Excavators are the backbone of the construction industry, relying very heavily on hydraulic cylinders for generating the machinery force needed for moving large loads and performing heavy tasks. Excavators come in many types of hydraulic cylinders applications such as single-acting, double-acting, telescopic and differential.

When pressure is applied to a liquid in a confined space, it equally transmits in all directions and exerts an equal pressure to slide the piston within the cylinder.

The piston moves and results in extending or retracting the cylinder’s rod, which performs various functions such as lifting, pushing, or pulling rods.

There are several factors that affect the performance of hydraulic cylinders in excavators.

· Contaminated hydraulic fluid- Decreases the lifespan of the cylinder and leads to slow performance

· Due Service form many times- Improper maintenance leads to bad performance

· Leakage issue- Occurs due to wear and tear or increased pressure in the system

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What Is The Cost To Repair A Hydraulic Cylinder?


Most repair costs are associated with changing seals, rods, or bearings, machining or polishing worn-out parts, etc. If the barrel of the cylinder is damaged and needs to be completely rebuilt, the costs could be higher. Labour costs can also vary in total based on whether it is heavy equipment, where dismantling and reassembling take several hours.

How Can You Lower Repair Costs?

Perform Regular Maintenance: Inspect the seals, rods, and connections periodically to catch any issues early on.

Use Quality Hydraulic Oil: Clean hydraulic oil will help eliminate the chance of internal damage.

Get Issues Fixed Quickly: Minor spills/leaks may not be costly at first, but they can turn into major breakdowns if not taken care of at the right time.

Contact trusted service providers: For emergency or regular maintenance, contact skilled trade technicians who will ensure with right Hydraulic Cylinder Repair and do not need to come back in a few months for a repeat failure.

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If the goal is to improve the cost of long-term repairs and extend the life of your hydraulic cylinder, it is worth investing in a preventive maintenance program.


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Category: Veteran Workforce & Infrastructure | Keywords: Construction Equipment, Smart Cities, Veteran Operators

From military base upgrades to national highways, earthmoving equipment plays a frontline role in America’s infrastructure. Veterans entering construction and engineering roles are already powering this transformation — and the demand for skilled operators and smarter equipment is rising.

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The heavy construction vehicles market size is expected to reach US$ 76.3 billion by 2031 from US$ 51.3 billion in 2024. The market is estimated to record a CAGR of 6.0% from 2025 to 2031.

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Executive Summary and Global Market Analysis:
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North America Polypropylene Compounds Market Trends and Forecast (2021–2028)

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Market Overview
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North America Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Market (MWCNTs) possess exceptional electrical conductivity, driving their use in diverse applications including conductive nano-inks, battery cathodes, conductive heating films, transparent electrodes, nanodevices, displays, chemical sensors, supercapacitors, energy storage systems, and solar cells. Their high thermal conductivity also makes them valuable for enhancing heat dissipation in electronics and creating thermally conductive ceramics, particularly where metals are unsuitable.

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A key advantage of North America Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Market is their efficiency. Achieving adequate conductivity in electrically conductive polymers requires significantly smaller loadings compared to traditional additives like carbon black or metal particles. This minimizes the deterioration of the polymer's inherent physical properties. Similarly, in automotive and aerospace applications, the weight reduction enabled by MWCNTs translates directly into fuel savings and reduced CO2 emissions.

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Company Profiles and SWOT Analysis: Heavy Construction Vehicles Market Leaders (2025–2031)

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Evaluating the Industrial Battery Market Landscape: Key Insights, Competitive Strategies, and Emerging Opportunities in 2031
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Overview of the Industrial Battery Market
The industrial battery market has witnessed considerable developments, such as growth and variations in demand. This report offers an analysis of the driving forces behind these changes, which include technological changes, regulatory changes, and consumer preference shifts.

Key Findings and Insights
Market Size and Growth
Historical Data: The industrial battery market was valued at US$ 12,501.9 Mn in 2019 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.3% from 2020 to 2027 to reach US$ 21,893.5 Mn by 2027.
This growth trend provides useful information about the market dynamics and can be used to make future estimates.
Key Factors: Forces shaping the industrial battery market are expanding demand for renewable energy storage, technology development in batteries, and the growth of electric vehicles.

Market Segmentation
By Type
• Lead-acid Batteries
• Lithium-based Batteries
• Nickel-based Batteries
By Application
• Telecom & Data Communication
• Industrial Equipment
• Uninterruptible Power Supply/Backup
• Mining
• Marine

Identifying Emerging Trends
Technological Advancements: Emerging trends like solid-state batteries and improved battery management systems are revolutionizing the industrial battery market.
Shifting Consumer Preferences: Increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy solutions is impacting the kind of batteries that consumers and industries tend to favor.
Regulatory Developments: New policies to cut carbon emissions are affecting the use and manufacturing of industrial batteries, which are demanding greener options.

Growth Prospects
The industrial battery market offers various growth prospects, such as

Increased growth in electric vehicle markets, which boosts demand for high-performance batteries.
The increased level of renewable energy projects that need efficient energy storage technologies.
Improved technology that enhances battery recycling procedures, promoting sustainability and cost savings.
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In-Depth Market Research Flexible Foam Market: Assessing Demand Dynamics, Technological Innovations, and Regional Market Trends
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Overview of Flexible Foam Market
The flexible foam market has witnessed significant developments, such as growth trends and changing dynamics. The present report provides insights into the driving forces of these changes, for instance, technological advancement, regulatory reforms, and changing consumer tastes.

Key Findings and Insights
Market Size and Growth
Historical Data: The Flexible Foam Market is expected to register a CAGR of 6% from 2025 to 2031, reflecting strong growth due to rising demand across various applications.
Key Factors:
Growing demand from bedding and furniture industries
Expansion in transportation and automotive sectors
Growing consumer affinity for sustainable and green materials

Market Segmentation
Segmentation Bases:
Type
• Polyurethane
• Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Silicone
• Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
Application
• Furniture and Bedding
• Automotive
• Aerospace and Defense
• Packaging

Identifying Emerging Trends
Technology Development
Advancements in foam production processes, such as the creation of bio-based and recyclable foams, are contributing towards product performance and sustainability.
Shifting Consumer Trends
There is increasing demand for lightweight yet resilient foam solutions, especially in the automotive and furniture industries, as customers look for enhanced comfort and functionality.
Regulatory Changes
Current regulations that prioritize environmental sustainability and safety standards are affecting the production and application of flexible foams, encouraging manufacturers to consider greener options.

Growth Opportunities
The flexible foam market offers several opportunities for growth, such as
Foraying into emerging economies with urbanization and infrastructure growth
Production of specialized foam products for niche markets, including medical and sports equipment
Strategic alliances and collaborations to expand product offerings and market reach

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By virtue of charter granted, this Post shall be known as Owens Crossroads Post 12242, Veterans of
Foreign Wars of the United States.
Sec. 2. The location of this Post shall be in the City of Owens Crossroads, County of Madison, State of Alabama.

ARTICLE II
SUBORDINATION

Sec. 1. The supreme power of this association is vested in the National Convention and this Post shall be at all
times governed by the Congressional Charter and Bylaws of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States, the Bylaws of the Department, orders issued by authority of the National Convention, National
Council of Administration, the Commander-in-Chief, the Department Convention, Department Council of
Administration and the Department Commander. Resolutions adopted by the National Convention are
held to be lawful orders.

ARTICLE III
MEETINGS

Sec. 1. Place: The regular meeting place of this Post shall be at the Meadows of Hampton Cove Clubhouse,
6099 Goose Ridge Drive, Owens Crossroads, Alabama, 35763.
Sec. 2. Time: The regular meetings of the Post shall be held on the 3 rd Wednesday of each month, to be called to
order at 6p.m.
Sec. 3. The Post may, after at least fourteen (14) days written notice to the Department Commander and the
members of the Post, change its meeting place, appointed day or time upon a majority vote of the
members present and voting at a regular or special meeting called for such purpose.
Sec. 4. Special meetings may be called in accordance with the provisions of the National Bylaws.
Sec. 5. Quorum: Six (6) members in good standing shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
Sec 6. Post may adopt procedures, in compliance to National Bylaws allowing members to participate in
meetings using technology that allows all participating members to communicate with each other
simultaneously.

ARTICLE IV
MEMBERSHIP

Sec. 1. Membership in this Post, eligibility to, application for, acquiring and maintenance of, loss of and discipline
shall be in accordance with the provisions of the National Bylaws.
Sec. 2. The admission fee of this Post shall be payable in accordance with the National Bylaws.
Sec. 3. The dues of this Post shall never be less than the amount required to cover Department and National
dues.

2

Sec. 4. Annual Post membership dues shall be $15 plus Department and National Dues.

ARTICLE V
OFFICERS

Sec. 1. Eligibility to, nomination, election or appointment, installation and term of office shall be in accordance
with the provisions of the National Bylaws.
Sec. 2. The Post shall elect the Commander, Senior Vice Commander, Junior Vice Commander, Quartermaster,
and three Trustees. The Commander shall appoint an Adjutant, Chaplain, and may appoint a Service
Officer.
Sec. 3. The duties of all officers shall be those prescribed by Department and National Bylaws, lawful orders as
the Post may direct and as these Bylaws may provide.
ARTICLE VI
COMMITTEES AND DUTIES

Sec. 1. All Committees and their chairmen, unless otherwise provided shall be appointed by the Commander as
promptly as possible after election to office, and as such shall serve at his/her will and pleasure. The
Post Quartermaster, by virtue of office shall be treasurer of all committees handling funds.
Sec. 2. The Standing Committees of the Post shall be as follows:

(a) Membership (e) Youth Activities (i) Community Activities
(b) Relief (f) House (j) Safety
(c) Poppy (g) Americanism (k) Bingo
(d) Publicity (h) Ways and Means
Sec. 3. House Committee/Board of Management (BoM):
(a) The House Committee/BoM shall be elected by the Post members to manage certain matters
related to the Post property including the operation of Post Club Rooms and/or Canteen. It shall
consist of not less than three members, one each of whom shall be elected annually for a three-
year term. Trustees shall not serve on the House Committee/BoM. In addition, the Post
Commander and Post Quartermaster by virtue of their offices shall be members of the House
Committee.
(b) The Committee shall be responsible for the cleanliness and upkeep of the quarters and the
equipment therein.
(c) The Committee shall be in charge of the sub-rental of the Post’s quarters and shall exercise such
supervision over sub-renters as will ensure the protection of the Post’s name and property.
(d) The Committee may authorize such expenditures for minor emergency repairs and janitor supplies
as may be necessary for the preservation and protection of the Post’s quarters and its equipment,
provided that the total amount so expended between any two regular meetings shall not exceed an
amount previously established by the Post.
(e) All monies received by the Committee through the sub-rental of the Post's quarters or other
sources shall be deposited with the Post Quartermaster.
(f) All expenditures of the Committee shall be made only by regular voucher and drawn by the
Quartermaster in accordance to these Bylaws.
(g) The House Committee/BoM shall keep a record of all its receipts and expenditures and shall, at
every meeting of the Post, report all monies received and all expenditures made since the last
meeting.

3

(h) The Post may adopt such further rules and regulations governing the conduct of club or canteen
as, do not conflict with the provisions of this Article. Such rules and regulations shall only become
effective upon their approval by a majority vote of members present and voting at a regular or
special meeting called for that purpose; at least thirty (30) days’ notice in writing having first been
given to all members.

ARTICLE VII
CONTROL OF SUBSIDIARY UNITS

Sec. 1. Any activity, unit or clubrooms sponsored, conducted or operated by the Post, incorporated separately
from the Post or unincorporated, shall be at all times under the direct control of the Post.
Sec. 2. All funds derived from any of the above shall be in the custody of the Post Quartermaster.
Sec. 3. All money, property and assets of every kind as well as all records in connection therewith used, held
and owned by any of the above activities is the property of the Post and must be placed in the care and
custody of the Post Quartermaster.
Sec. 4. The Veterans of Foreign Wars Auxiliary and Military Order of the Cootie are governed by Articles XI and
XII respectively of the National Bylaws and Manual of Procedure of the Veterans of Foreign Wars and
their respective Bylaws, rules and regulations.
ARTICLE VIII
EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS

Sec. 1. Expenditure of funds shall be made only after prior authorization by the Post and on proper voucher
drawn by the Adjutant and approved by the Commander. All checks for the expenditure of Post funds
shall be numbered in sequence, the number of each check to correspond with the voucher authorizing
the same, other expenditures may be made using acceptable banking practices. All disbursements of
Post funds shall bear the signature of the Quartermaster or other person(s) authorized by the
Quartermaster. Such other authorized person(s) shall be bonded in accordance with Section 703 of the
National Bylaws.
Sec. 2. The adoption of this Article shall constitute authorization by the Post for the payment of bills, when and as
due, for monthly rental, public utility service, postage, janitor service and for janitor’s supplies and minor
emergency repairs authorized by the House Committee, provided that the amounts to be paid for monthly
rental and for janitor service shall have been previously established by the Post.
Sec. 3. No other payment or expenditure shall be made except on the specific authorization of the Post in each
and every case.
Sec. 4. The Post Quartermaster is authorized a debit card on the account of the Post General fund. Use is
restricted for expenses with VFW National, VFW Department of Alabama, Post purchases through VFW
Store and charges specifically approved by Post Membership vote. The debt card shall not be used for
cash withdrawal at any time.
Sec. 5. A travel expense report will be submitted to the Post for all approved travel expenses prior to
reimbursement.
Sec.. 6. The Post Commander is authorized to disapprove any “proper Post authorization” of expenditures in the
following instances:
(a) Any expenditure in violation of the National Bylaws.
(b) Any expenditure that is unlawful.
(c) Any expenditure that would jeopardize the tax-exempt status of the Post.

ARTICLE IX

4
COMPENSATION

Sec. 1. No compensation shall be paid to any officer of this Post for their services as such officer, except as
hereafter may be provided.
Sec. 2. For services rendered, the Post may, by majority vote, pay the annual dues of the Adjutant and
Quartermaster for the periods or parts of periods they serve as such, and such other compensation
commensurate with their duties as may be determined and specified by vote of the Post.

ARTICLE X

FUNDRAISING PROMOTIONS/SOLICITATIONS

Sec. 1. This Post shall solicit funds or donations only by prior vote of the members agreeing to the proposition. It
shall not solicit funds or donations or otherwise engage in fundraising activities or projects outside the
immediate geographical area or community of the Post.
Sec. 2. This Post shall not enter into any agreement with a promoter for the purpose of raising funds unless the
said promoter shall have first furnished a good and sufficient surety bond in a principal sum sufficient to
give the Post ample protection in the particular circumstances. The said bond shall be subject to the
approval of the Post Advocate, bear the endorsement of the Post Commander and be kept in the
possession of the Post Quartermaster. The bond will be conditioned on the payment to the Post
Quartermaster of all monies due the Post as a result of the solicitation within thirty (30) days of the close
of the campaign.
If the promoter has made satisfactory settlement within the thirty-day period, then surety will be
determined to be discharged, otherwise the bond will remain in full force and effect.
Sec. 3. If the bond cannot be furnished, then all collections shall be made by the members of the Post
sponsoring the campaign or entertainment and said funds shall be paid to a bonded officer of the Post
who shall hold the funds in their custody pending proper pro rata distribution.
Sec. 4. Fundraising organizations or individuals conducting solicitations, activities or projects for a profit shall not
be engaged or used by the Post for such purpose unless such engagement is made by written
agreement between the Post and the organization or individuals providing those services. The form of
any such written agreement must be submitted to the Department Commander for review at least thirty
(30) days prior to any Post entering into any such agreement.
Sec. 5. No solicitations or ticket sales shall be permitted in the Post quarters or at socials or meetings unless
such solicitations or ticket sales shall have been approved by the Post.

ARTICLE XI
MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 1. Every member of this Post shall keep the Post Adjutant and Quartermaster advised of their current
address by promptly reporting any change of same.
Sec. 2. One copy of these Bylaws shall be issued to each elected and appointed officer of this Post.
Sec. 3. In all Post procedures not provided for by the Congressional Charter and Bylaws or these Bylaws,
Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised shall be the authority, and it shall be the duty of the Judge
Advocate, in an advisory way, when called upon to do so by the Post Commander to advise the Post
Commander on the proper rule(s).

ARTICLE XII
SPEECHES

5

Sec. 1. No member will be permitted to speak on any one subject (Pro or Con) more than twice; and the first time
no longer than five (5) minutes, and the second time no longer than three (3) minutes, with the exception
of a committee report and recommendations and visiting guests who have a message to impart.

ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS

Sec. 1. These Bylaws shall become effective after adoption by this Post and after review by the Commander of
the Department and Commander-in-Chief of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States.
Sec. 2. These Bylaws may be amended by the Post by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting at a
meeting, provided each member had been notified at least twenty (20) days in advance and upon request
provided a copy of the proposed amendments.
Sec. 3. Wherever these Bylaws or subsequent amendments may be found to be in conflict with the present or
any future Department or National Bylaws, the latter shall prevail and be binding upon this Post as though
written herein.

These Bylaws were adopted, subject to the review of the Department Commander and the Commander-in-Chief of
the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States on this _________________ day of
___________________________, 20______, at a regular meeting of this Post.

Owens Crossroads Post 12242
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States

ATTEST: OFFICIAL:

Brett Beatty, Adjutant Alfonso, Nixon,

via: Special Operations Recruiting Battalion, U.S. Army
· 1 Jun, 2024
Fort Liberty, North Carolina

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By Major Mark A. Smith Sr. (ret)
Note: Some decades ago, a friend in the Pentagon asked me to jot down a few Soldierly thoughts. Through the years I added a couple, but deleted none of the originals. They may not be modern or politically corrected, but they did make the rounds. I stand by them today.
- Mark
1. Never accept an officer as competent based on his source of commission.
2. Your right to influence the battlefield is diminished in ratio to the distance you are from the actual arena of action.
3. The battlefield selects its own Generals. No school or board can replace it.
4. Never call fire on your own troops, unless you stand among them.
5. Leaders are indeed born and no military school can provide what God did not.
6. Equipment procurement will always be compromised by not only being made by the lowest bidder, but by attempting to make it multi-functional.
7. Attempting to lighten the soldier’s load by diminishing the weight of any given weapon, will always result in shorter range and less firepower.
8. Excellent staff officers rarely make good battlefield commanders.
9. Outstanding commanders will surround themselves with excellent staff officers.
10. Never make command a reward for good staff work.
11. Discipline began its decline with the demise of the swagger stick and centralized promotion boards.
12. Outstanding NCO’s may make good officers. But, rarely will a riffed officer make a good NCO.
13. Atheists will never be trusted by their troops on the battlefield.
14. Women can do many things men do, except for a few days every month.
15. Going through the change, has nothing to do with the female senior officer’s uniform.
16. Sexual harassment is a two-lane road.
17. Soldiers tell the truth about good and bad commanders. Their opinion is the ultimate evaluation of an officer.
18. No commander was ever hated for being too hard. But, many are detested for trying to cultivate that image, without substance.
19. The maximum effective range of any weapon is that range at which the individual soldier can hit his target and not an inch further.
20. Pretty females rarely feel harassed by male counterparts.
21. Plain-looking female soldiers are usually the best performers and fit in.
22. Endurance should be judged on the bayonet assault course and not on a marathon run.
23. How far soldiers can run in shorts is unimportant, compared to how far they can speed march with full equipment.
24. Pregnant females are overweight soldiers. Thus, the US Army Weight Control program is not based on equal enforcement of the rules.
25. Tears on the cheeks of any soldier, regardless of gender, are only acceptable on the death of a relative or comrade and when “Old Glory” passes by.
26. Pregnancy is self-inflicted, thus abortions should be paid for by the soldier, as a non line of duty procedure.
27. Soldiers are not ‘sent into combat,” they are led.
28. Your worth as an officer should never be judged on how well you ran with a football in college.
29. West Point is a place of learning, as is any college. Both produce two types of officer; Good and Bad.
30. The computer will never be able to judge the content of a soldier’s spirit, as his Sergeant can.
31. Esprit De Corps cannot be attained at the Battalion picnic or Sports Day. It must be instilled by good leadership and belief in one’s fellow soldiers.
32. No new weapon or tactic will ever instill the same fear in the enemy that one Infantryman with a bayonet can.
33. He who drinks at lunch is a drunken soldier in the afternoon.
34. No soldier is so smart that his physical deficiencies can be overlooked in the Infantry.
35. Painting rocks and serving drinks to officers, have never been soldierly functions. And golf is not a required skill for officers.
36. Consolidation of all administrative personnel at battalion level has eroded accountability and proper reporting.
37. Anyone who thinks that future battlefields will not contain Infantrymen knows nothing about war.
38. Indecision kills more soldiers than any wrong decision. One can command his way out of a wrong decision.
39. The only mission of the Infantry Soldier is to kill the enemy. “Humanitarian Missions" are someone else’s job.
40. Only the Infantry and Armor can gain ground. Only the Infantry can hold it alone.
41. Special Forces are not Rangers or Light Infantry and should never be employed as such.
42. Rangers are light infantry and are not Special Forces.
43. Victory is not a limited objective. There is no other reason to engage an enemy, except victory.
44. Never shower or apply after-shave and cologne, forty eight hours prior to a night attack.
45. Sweat is the true lubricant of the Infantry fighting machine.
46. No American Soldier can be managed to victory. He must be led.
47. The only color in the U.S. Army is green.
48. Use of chemical weapons and biological weapons are a crime against humanity.
49. Not training your soldiers to protect themselves from them is a crime against your own troops.
50. Any tactic written in a book is known to your enemies.
51. If short hair is truly a matter of hygiene and discipline, then all soldiers must have it.
52. No member of a soldier’s family is more important than the mission.
53. No soldier can accomplish his mission if the Army neglects his family.
54. Any soldier who sleeps with another soldier’s wife or lover cannot be trusted on the battlefield and should be shunned.
55. Officers are more likely to wear unauthorized awards than any NCO or Private.
56. Any officer who claims he is accepting an individual award for the entire unit should allow his soldiers to wear it.
57. There can be no quota for awards.
58. Any award for Valor is of more value to the Army than any school diploma or certification.
59. Heroism cannot be taught. But, cowardice is a communicable disease.
60. The machine gun is too important a weapon to be used as a tool for punishing poor soldiers.
61. Precision weapons will jam, if the Commander demands communal cleaning.
62. No officer should be given a command, because, he needs one for his career.
63. No officer should be denied a command, because, he already had one.
64. The state of the Army can be evaluated by how its soldiers look in uniform, at any airport in the world.
65. No reporter can be trusted with operational plans. A reporter who reveals operational plans is a traitor to his country.
66. A combat veteran of any war should be respected by soldiers.
67. American soldiers do not lose wars. Leaders lose wars.
68. What a soldier saw with his own eyes, cannot be ignored or changed by higher headquarters.
69. If Special Forces are not assigned strategic missions, they are being misused.
70. The “Hummer” is a vehicle and is the only thing of that name allowed in the Infantry.
71. If you wish to learn about guerrilla warfare, study Francis Marion and not Westmoreland or Giap.
72. The one night you don’t dig in, will bring mortars on your position.
73. Taking the easy way will always get you killed.
74. Blank ammunition has no place in Infantry training.
75. The more you restrict Infantrymen possessing live ammunition, the more accidents you will have.
76. The Air Force and Navy are supporting arms.
77. Intelligence Officer is usually a contradiction in terms.
78. Inclement weather is the true Infantryman’s ally.
79. There is no special duty so important, that it takes the Infantry Soldier away from his squad.
80. Commanders who use the “Off Limits” authority to deny sex to combat soldiers will have a high V.D. rate.
81. A Commander’s morals are his own and cannot be imposed on his soldiers.
82. Chaplains must present themselves when the soldier has time, not because they have a schedule.
83. An officer must be judged on his ability and not on how many coffees his wife has attended.
84. Senior officers who allow discussions about a brother officer, not present, are not honorable men.
85. A Commander who bad-mouths his predecessor will never be truly respected.
86. Equal opportunity is guaranteed by the law and does not require a separate staff.
87. If a Sergeant Major suggests a unit watch, he is the supplier.
88. The quality of food went down, with the initiation of the consolidated mess.
89. No NCO or Warrant Officer outranks a Second Lieutenant.
90. Any officer who does not listen to NCO’s and Warrant Officers is a fool.
91. If you wish your subordinates to call you by your first name, go sell shoes. There is no place for you in the Army.
92. Any Army man who sneers at a Marine for being sharp and well turned out is no soldier.
93. Any Infantryman who must call higher headquarters before engaging the enemy has a fool for a commander.
94. Soldiers respect leaders worth emulating. They cannot be “ordered” to respect anyone.
95. No man who refused to serve his country in war should be elected or appointed over men and women being sent to fight.

”Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight.“
‭‭Proverbs‬ ‭3‬:‭5‬-‭6‬ ‭NIV‬‬

Trust is a word most of us don’t throw around lightly. In combat, we trust in our own training, the training of our crew, the customer, the intel, the equipment, etc. Remember your first time in combat, then flash forward to your last. As our level of experience grows, we are able to function through chaos with a mindset and demeanor that is unteachable, it is only earned from the experience we gain through hardships, victories, defeats, “close calls”, good decisions, bad decisions, etc. I can think back through my Christian journey the same way. From where I started, to where I am today, all of the hardships, victories, defeats, etc., prepared me for today. Today I have a choice. I can go through life, with a “hair on fire” attitude; overreacting, overthinking, and trying to do things my way. Or I can walk with confidence and trust that He has a plan for me, and through the hardships, he has strengthened and emboldened me, preparing me for victory in His name. I pray I do it better today than yesterday. In Jesus’s name, Amen.

via: Historia Obscurum
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.....and then one startling day you see equipment you actually were issued and used in the pages of a history book.

Copyright info: "U.S. Army Combat Equipments, 1910-1988" by Gordon Rottman, illustrated by Ronald Volstadt.

How do you get information on communication?

If you want to learn more about civilian comms and the capabilities of different equipment, Ham Radio Crash Course on YouTube is one of the best places to start! Never stop learning, knowledge is the lightest preparedness equipment you can get!

https://lnkd.in/e2H_MrNk

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Triple Canopy - Airborne, Ranger and Special Forces
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First day, Desert Storm, 1991, February 25:

Seventy miles to the east, eight Special Forces soldiers from ODA 525 landed near the small village of Swayjghazi. CWO “Bulldog” Balwanz had his team dig two hide sites, 300 yards west Highway 7. This team had the same problem as Sims’ Team. They did not think that villagers would be wandering around their position, located near a drainage ditch. However as soon as the sun came up shepherds led their goats near the Special Forces team, while women and children gathered firewood. Just like Sims’ Team, children discovered the hide site. Balwanz knew that they could not shoot children, so after they were discovered the Team moved 400 yards away and into a muddy ditch. The children returned with a young man, who spotted the Americans. “As-Salaam Aleykum” Balwanz called to him, but the young man turned and hurried back to the village.

Thirty villagers returned, armed with rifles. As they fanned out across the field four trucks arrived, along with a bus and a Land Rover. The vehicles unloaded 150 Iraqi soldiers. Balwanz called XVIII Corps headquarters and told them that he needed immediate extraction and air support. Balwanz ordered his men to pile all their rucksacks and equipment outside the ditch, and then primed it with a block of C-4 plastic explosive. The Americans only kept their weapons, ammo, and a single satellite radio. The C-4 exploded just as a group of Iraqis reached the pile.

Bullets tore through the dirt around them, as the Americans returned fire with M16s and M203 grenade launchers. The Iraqis resorted to human wave attacks, but they never quite understood the accuracy of American soldiers.

In just the first ten minutes of the fight Balwanz and his men killed about forty Iraqi soldiers. The fighting continued, with no end in sight. Though the field was littered with Iraqi bodies, the men did not see any rescue in their future. Balwanz saw his men wave farewell to each other across the sides of the ditch.

Just as the Iraqis were close enough to rush the Team, several F-16s arrived and dropped cluster bombs on the highway. Balwanz used his survival radio to direct bombs to within 200 yards of his position. A group of Iraqis charged down the ditch, trying to stay clear of the F-16s, but Balwanz and one of his sergeants stopped their attack.

Balwanz moved his men 300 yards away in all the chaos, without the Iraqis being aware of it. After an hour and a half two rescue helicopters were able to land right on top of the team, and rescue Balwanz and his men.

With 150 Iraqis dead in the field, it probably seemed to the Iraqis that they had been rescued from the demons that had been unleashed upon their small village.

HOOAH!

via: The Giant Killer
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Pictured are the eight U.S. Marines of the suicide mission "Doom Patrol" to recover the body of a dead Marine, Charlie Company, 7th Marine in Quảng Nam Province, 1968.

In February 1968, eight Marines volunteered for a suicide mission. After 32 US casualties were incurred during the first 30 hours of Operation Pursuit. The operation was initiated in mid-February 1968 by the 1st Marine Division to search for enemy rocket caches in the mountains west of Da Nang.

Operation Pursuit began at 11 a.m. on Feb. 14 as Charlie Company crossed the western end of Hill 10 while Delta Company departed from Hill 41, about 2 miles to the southeast. Accompanying them were 1st Division combat correspondent Sgt. Robert Bayer and photographer Cpl. R.J. Del Vecchio.

The two companies linked up on the approach to Hills 270 and 310. The dense jungle growth at the base of Hill 270 channeled the Marines into a single-file column during the slow, exhausting climb that forced the men to hack out a trail with machetes. By 6:30 p.m., Delta Company had secured Objective 1, the saddle between Hills 270 and 310. Charlie Company had secured Objective 2, the top of Hill 270.

Pfc. Michael J. Kelly, a member of the point squad who had been with the company for only two months, was hit by an enemy bullet that struck a grenade on his cartridge belt. The detonation killed Kelly, severing a leg in the process.

Lt. Col. Bill Davis ordered Charlie and Delta companies of the 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, to get off Hills 270 and 310 and return to their base camps in the flatlands to the east.

A little later the morning of Feb. 16, the acting commander of Charlie Company, 1st Lt. Dana F. MacCormack, whose men were descending from Hill 270, radioed Davis: “Here come the NVA, Colonel! I’ve got one more KIA that the last helo did not have room for. We are having a hell of a time carrying this body, and the bones are cutting up the body bag.”

Davis, on Hill 310 with the battalion command group, told MacCormack to get Charlie Company off the mountain immediately to avoid any more casualties. And that meant leaving the body behind.

Thousands of North Vietnamese Army troops had trekked down the Ho Chi Minh Trail in eastern Laos and moved through South Vietnam’s A Shau Valley before making their way to high ground, including Hills 270 and 310, overlooking an area known as Happy Valley and the Marine positions to the east.

In early afternoon, out of food and water and low on ammunition, the weary, battle-shocked Marines of Charlie Company arrived at Hill 10 and were met by the actual company commander, Capt. Karl Ripplemeyer, who had been on leave and just returned. Delta Company, meanwhile, had reached its base camp on Hill 41.

Davis radioed the regimental commander, Col. Ross R. Miner, and told him that the Marines were back at the command posts, but added that a dead Marine had to be left behind. A few hours later, Miner told Davis that a B-52 bombing mission was scheduled to strike Hills 270 and 310 and ordered him to send a team to recover Kelly’s body before the bombing started. Davis, however, did not want to risk any more lives in those mountains before the bombing runs were completed and argued against an immediate recovery mission, but Miner wouldn’t rescind his order.

Davis discussed Miner’s order with Ripplemeyer, as well as the battalion operations officer and the officer who coordinated air support for the battalion. Davis decided to use Charlie Company volunteers for the recovery since they knew the location of Kelly’s body.

“It was 100% a suicide mission,” Whittier, the 2nd Platoon lieutenant, would write to his wife on Feb. 17. “This is a point I can’t too heavily emphasize.”

“Suicide mission” was an unintentionally appropriate term, given Charlie Company’s longstanding nickname: “Suicide Charley.” The unit had earned its nickname during the October 1942 Japanese assault on Guadalcanal, when 1st Battalion was led by Lt. Col. Lewis B. “Chesty” Puller, who later became the Corps’ most decorated Marine and finished his career as a lieutenant general. During that battle, Charlie Company held its line against a far larger Japanese force despite suffering heavy losses. The day after the fight, a white flag of parachute cloth with a picture of a skull and crossbones rose over the company’s position. Emblazoned on the flag was “Suicide Charley.”

The patrol to recover Kelly’s body had only a few hours to prepare for its departure. A runner was sent to Charlie Company seeking the volunteers, including an experienced squad leader. John D. McCreless, then a 20-year-old sergeant, recalled: “When the decision came down to use a squad of volunteers, I got crazy and raised my hand and said I’d lead it.”

Lance Cpl. Stephen B. McCashin responded similarly: “When I heard they were asking for volunteers, I said anyone who would go back into those mountains again would have to be crazy. I thought it was a suicide mission, but since I’m on my second tour here, I must be crazy, so I decided to go.”

Pfc. Joseph A. Hamrick signed up because, he said, “I was the only one of the volunteers who knew exactly where the body was, so even though I had only been in the ‘Nam’ for a month and had never walked point, I figured I could go right to it.”

The other Marines on the eight-man patrol were Pfc. Thomas M. Adamson, Lance Cpl. Tyree Albert Chamberlain, Pfc. Alfred P. Granados, Cpl. Billy R. Ranes and Pfc. Pedro A. Rodriguez. Someone—no one can remember exactly who—dubbed the volunteers the “Doom Patrol.”

Granados, the radio operator, remembers their preparations. “Our equipment was light for a short recon patrol—no helmets, flak jackets or cartridge belts, and all but one of the men of the Doom Patrol asked to trade their M16s for the more reliable M14, and permission was granted,” he said. “We were to make no enemy contact, travel by stealth in the dark, get the body and return. If we ran into a superior enemy force, we were to abort, split up and get back any way we could.”

Before the men departed, a senior staff sergeant told McCreless: “None of you will probably return alive, but to increase your chances, if things get hairy you can just bring back the leg.” The eight Marines weren’t totally on their own for the mission. The battalion air officer had arranged for continuous air support for the patrol.

At 2 a.m. on Feb. 17, McCreless’ squad left Hill 10. A little more than an hour later, near the abandoned village of Phuoc Ninh —military maps distinguished villages with the same name by numbering them—the Marines spotted NVA soldiers moving toward their position. Chamberlain opened fire and killed one of them, but the patrol was now compromised. McCreless faced a difficult decision: abort the mission or stay the course. He spoke to the battalion command center and was told to proceed. No one wanted an empty casket sent to Kelly’s family, and the men on the mission knew the odds when they volunteered.

On the move again toward the base of Hill 270, the Marines observed another enemy patrol, and McCreless stopped for an hour near another abandoned village, Phuoc Ninh, a precautionary pause in the dark to make sure there was no other NVA activity in the area before continuing their journey.

By sunrise, around 5 a.m., the patrol had cleared the open rice paddy areas and started into the dense jungle on the side of the mountain—with a long march still ahead, which meant they would have to conduct their “stealth” mission in broad daylight. Three hours later, the men were in a flat area above the bomb crater where Kelly’s body lay, covered with a poncho. There they waited while pilots in O1-Bird Dog propeller-driven planes called in airstrikes.

One of the pilots radioed McCreless to tell him that napalm drops by F-4 Phantom II fighter-bombers would land just forward of the bomb crater. He instructed the patrol members to take cover, take three deep breaths, exhale and hold their next breath. The napalm struck about a 100 yards in front of the patrol.
Granados still remembers the intense heat and dust being sucked past his face into the inferno. The shock waves from the blast seemed to raise him off the ground.

After the napalm flames diminished, Granados saw NVA soldiers emerging from bunkers and spider holes.
McCreless, worried that the enemy troops were about to move against his seriously outnumbered men, yelled: “Get the leg, and let’s get the hell out!”

Moments later, Ranes and Adamson dashed to the crater. They grabbed the severed leg and quickly strapped it to a backpack that Chamberlain carried. The eight Marines then ran back down the trail, amid the still-smoldering napalm and the enemy fire tearing into trees and brush around them. A final strafing run by F-4 Phantoms silenced the firing.

After reaching the flatlands, the patrol came upon Charlie Company’s 1st Platoon, sent to assist the squad if any of the men had been wounded or killed. The platoon escorted McCreless’ squad to base camp, and by 2 p.m. all the Marines were back on Hill 10.

Amid great rejoicing, Davis summoned the men to his quarters and handed them cigars and cold beer to celebrate their incredible accomplishment. (He wasn’t aware at that time that the full body had not been recovered.) As recounted in his autobiography Tet Marine, Davis told the Doom Patrol that he had been a fan of Suicide Charley since the Chosin Reservoir battle during the Korean War. “I’ve been proud of them during all these years, because they did great things at the Reservoir,” he said. “But never did they do anything greater than YOU did, as volunteers, last night and today.”

McCreless said: “The only reason I can think of why we were able to pull it off is that the NVA just couldn’t believe that we were stupid enough to go in there and do what we did. They must have thought we were bait for some kind of trap.”

After the celebration, Davis typed a letter to the commander of the 7th Marine Regiment:

“Dear Colonel Miner, I’ve never been prouder to be a Marine than at this moment! This magnificent squad [from Suicide Charley] went on what appeared to be a suicide mission. I wish you could have heard this young Marine [Pfc. Joseph Hamrick] describe why he volunteered. He just couldn’t imagine that an empty casket would go to a Marine’s parents. He knew they had to do the job, and while he was scared all the way out, and all the way back, he knew that they just had to succeed. I’ve just lived through an experience that I’ll always hold dear to me. Semper Fi.”

Within 10 hours of the patrol’s return, the B-52s from Andersen Air Force Base on Guam devastated the high ground on Hills 270 and 310. But the NVA would return to Hill 310, and many more Marines were wounded or killed there the following month during Operation Worth and in August during Operation Mameluke Thrust.

On March 8, Whittier and McCreless were wounded. Later that day, at the Navy hospital in Da Nang, Whittier died from his wounds. A few days later, McCreless was medevaced to Japan for additional surgery. During fighting on May 30, Doom Patrol volunteer Rodriguez was killed.

Men from E Company, 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines, found Kelly’s body on March 25 during Operation Worth. A medevac helicopter picked up the remains and took them to the mortuary in Da Nang. A funeral with a casket containing Kelly’s leg was held in his hometown of Findlay, Ohio, in March 1968. A second funeral, with the rest of his remains, was held in April 1968.

Story by Jack Wells
— Jack Wells served in Vietnam during 1968-69 as an artillery forward observer with Alpha and Bravo companies, 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division, and later as executive officer of H Battery, 3rd Battalion, 11th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division.

SALUTE!

Wonder what they are going to do with it??

https://taskandpurpose.com/news/army-excess-equipment-pilot/

The incredible story of POW Navy Pilot Dieter Dengler and his escape from a prison camp in Laos.

Dieter Dengler (May 22, 1938 – February 7, 2001) was a German-born United States Navy aviator during the Vietnam War and, following six months of imprisonment and torture, became the first captured U.S. airman to escape enemy captivity during the war. Of seven prisoners of war who escaped together from a Pathet Lao prison camp in Laos, Dengler was one of two survivors (the other was Thailand citizen Phisit Intharathat). Dengler was rescued after 23 days on the run.

Dieter Dengler was born and raised in the small town of Wildberg, in the Black Forest region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. He grew up not knowing his father, who had been drafted into the German army in 1939 and was killed during World War II on the Eastern Front during the winter of 1943/44. Dengler became very close to his mother and brothers. Dengler's maternal grandfather, Hermann Schnuerle, claimed he refused to vote for Adolf Hitler in the 1934 elections. Subsequently he was paraded around town with a placard around his neck, was spat upon, and was then sent to labor in a rock mine for a year. Dengler credited his grandfather's resolve as a major inspiration during his time in Laos. His grandfather's steadfastness despite the great risks was one reason Dengler refused a North Vietnamese demand that he sign a document condemning American aggression in Southeast Asia.

Dieter grew up in extreme poverty but always found ways to help his family survive. Dieter and his brothers would go into bombed-out buildings, tear off wallpaper, and bring it to their mother to boil for the nutrients in the wheat-based wallpaper paste. When members of the small group of Moroccans who lived in the area would slaughter sheep for their meals, Dieter would sneak over to their lodgings to take the scraps and leftovers they would not eat and his mother would make dinner from them. He also built a bicycle by scavenging from dumps. Dieter was apprenticed to a blacksmith at the age of 14. The blacksmith and the other boys, who worked six days a week building giant clocks and clock faces to repair German cathedrals, regularly beat him. Later in life Dieter thanked his former master "for his disciplined training and for helping Dieter become more capable, self-reliant and yes, 'tough enough to survive'".

After seeing an advertisement in an American magazine, expressing a need for pilots, he decided to go to the United States. Although a family friend agreed to sponsor him, he lacked money for passage and came up with a plan to independently salvage brass and other metals to sell.

In 1956, when he turned 18 and upon completion of his apprenticeship, Dengler hitchhiked to Hamburg and spent two weeks surviving on the streets before the ship set sail for New York City. While on the ship he saved fruit and sandwiches for the coming days and when going through customs the agent was astonished when the food tumbled out of his shirt. He lived on the streets of Manhattan for just over a week and eventually found his way to an Air Force recruiter. He was assured that piloting aircraft was what the Air Force was all about so he enlisted in June 1957 and went to basic training at Lackland AFB in San Antonio, Texas. After basic training, Dengler spent two years peeling potatoes and then transferred to a motor pool as a mechanic. His qualifications as a machinist led to an assignment as a gunsmith. He passed the test for aviation cadets but was told that only college graduates were selected to be pilots and his enlistment expired before he was selected for pilot training.

After his discharge Dengler joined his brother working in a bakery shop near San Francisco and enrolled in San Francisco City College, then transferred to the College of San Mateo, where he studied aeronautics. Upon completion of two years of college he applied for the US Navy aviation cadet program and was accepted.
Dengler would do whatever it took to become a pilot. In his inaugural flight at primary flight training, for example, the instructor told Dengler that if he became airsick and vomited in the cockpit that he would receive a "down" on his record. Students were only allowed three downs then they would wash out of flight training. The instructor took the plane through spins and loops causing Dengler to become dizzy and disoriented. Knowing he was about to vomit and not wanting to receive a "down", Dengler took off his boot, threw up into it and put it back on. At the end of the flight the instructor checked the cockpit and could smell the vomit, but couldn't find any evidence of it. He didn't get a "down".

After his completion of flight training Dengler went to the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas for training as an attack pilot in the Douglas AD Skyraider. He joined VA-145 while the squadron was on shore duty at Naval Air Station Alameda, California. In 1965 the squadron joined the carrier USS Ranger. In December the carrier set sail for the coast of Vietnam. He was stationed initially at Dixie Station, off South Vietnam then moved north to Yankee Station for operations against North Vietnam.

On February 1, 1966, the day after the carrier began flying missions from Yankee Station, Lieutenant, Junior Grade Dengler launched from the Ranger with three other aircraft on an interdiction mission against a truck convoy that had been reported in North Vietnam. Thunderstorms forced the pilots to divert to their secondary target, a road intersection located west of the Mu Gia Pass in Laos. At the time, U.S. air operations in Laos were classified "secret". Visibility was poor due to smoke from burning fields, and upon rolling in on the target, Dengler and the remainder of his flight lost sight of one another. Visibility was poor, and as Dengler rolled his Skyraider in on the target after flying for two-and-a-half hours into enemy territory, he was hit by anti-aircraft fire.

"There was a large explosion on my right side," he remembered when interviewed shortly before his death in 2001.

It was like lightning striking. The right wing was gone. The airplane seemed to cartwheel through the sky in slow motion. There were more explosions—boom, boom, boom—and I was still able to guide the plane into a clearing in Laos.
He said: "Many times, people have asked me if I was afraid. Just before dying, there is no more fear. I felt I was floating."

When his squadron mates realized that he had been downed, they remained confident that he would be rescued. Immediately after he was shot down, Dengler smashed his survival radio and hid most of his other survival equipment to keep Vietnamese or Lao search parties from finding it. The day after being shot down Dengler was apprehended by Pathet Lao troops, the Laotian equivalent of the Viet Cong.

He was marched through the jungle, was tied on the ground to four stakes spreadeagled in order to stop him escaping at night. In the morning his face would be swollen from mosquito bites and he was unable to see.

After an early escape attempt he was recaptured while drinking from a spring. According to Dengler he was tortured in retaliation:

I had escaped from them, [and] they wanted to get even. He was hung upside down by his ankles with a nest of biting ants over his face until he lost consciousness, suspended in a freezing well at night so that if he fell asleep he might drown. On other occasions he was dragged through villages by a water buffalo, to the amusement of his guards, as they goaded the animal with a whip. He was asked by Pathet Lao officials to sign a document condemning the United States, but he refused and as a result he was tortured as tiny wedges of bamboo were inserted under his fingernails and into incisions on his body which grew and festered.

"They were always thinking of something new to do to me." Dengler recalled. "One guy made a rope tourniquet around my upper arm. He inserted a piece of wood, and twisted and twisted until my nerves cut against the bone. The hand was completely unusable for six months."

After some weeks Dengler was handed over to the Vietnamese. As they marched him through a village, a man slipped Dengler's engagement ring from his finger. Dengler complained to his guards. They found the culprit, summarily chopped off his finger with a machete and handed the ring back to Dengler.

"I realized right there and then that you don't fool around with the Viet Cong", he said.
Dengler had trained in escaping and survival at the Navy SERE survival school, where he had twice escaped from the mock-POW camp run by SERE instructors and Marine guards and was planning a third escape when the training ended. He had also set a record as the only student to gain weight (three pounds) during the SERE course; his childhood experiences had made him unafraid of eating whatever he could find and he had feasted on food the course instructors had thrown in the garbage.

Dengler was eventually brought to a prison camp near the village of Par Kung where he met other POWs. The other six prisoners were:
Phisit Intharathat (Thai)
Prasit Promsuwan (Thai)
Prasit Thanee (Thai)
Y.C. To (Chinese)
Eugene DeBruin (American)
Duane W. Martin (American)

Except for Martin, an Air Force helicopter pilot who had been shot down in North Vietnam nearly a year before, the other prisoners were civilians employed by Air America, a civilian airline owned by the Central Intelligence Agency. The civilians had been held by the Pathet Lao for over two and a half years when Dengler joined them.

"I had hoped to see other pilots. What I saw horrified me. The first one who came out was carrying his intestines around in his hands. One had no teeth - plagued by awful infections, he had begged the others to knock them out with a rock and a rusty nail in order to release pus from his gums". "They had been there for two and a half years," said Dengler. "I looked at them and it was just awful. I realized that was how I would look in six months. I had to escape."

The day he arrived in the camp, Dengler advised the other prisoners that he intended to escape and invited them to join him. They advised that he wait until the monsoon season when there would be plenty of water.

Shortly after Dengler arrived, the prisoners were moved to a new camp ten miles away at Hoi Het. After the move, a strong debate ensued among the prisoners with Dengler, Martin and Prasit arguing for escape which the other prisoners, particularly Phisit initially opposed.

As food began to run out, tension between the men grew: they were given just a single handful of rice to share while the guards would stalk deer, pulling the grass out of the animal's stomach for the prisoners to eat while they shared the meat. The prisoners' only "treats" were snakes they occasionally caught from the communal latrine or the rats that lived under their hut which they could spear with sharpened bamboo. At night the men were handcuffed together and shackled to wooden foot blocks. They suffered chronic dysentery and were made to lie in their excrement until morning.

After several months, one of the Thai prisoners overheard the guards talking about shooting them in the jungle and making it look like an escape attempt. They too, were starving and wanted to return to their villages. With that revelation, everyone agreed and a date to escape was set. Their plan was to take over the camp and signal a C-130 Hercules flare-ship that made nightly visits to the area. Dengler loosened logs under the hut that allowed the prisoners to squeeze through. The plan was for him to go out when the guards were eating and seize their weapons and pass them to Phisit Intharathat and Promsuwan while Martin and DeBruin procured others from other locations.

"I planned to capture the guards at lunchtime, when they put down their rifles to get their food. There were two minutes and twenty seconds in the day when I could strike." In that time Dengler had to release all the men from their handcuffs.

Escape
On June 29, 1966 while the guards were eating, the group slipped out of their hand-cuffs and foot restraints and grabbed the guards' unattended weapons which included M1 rifles, Chinese automatic rifles, an American carbine and at least one sub-machine gun as well as an early version of the AK47 automatic rifle, which Dengler used during the escape from the POW camp. Dengler went out first followed by Martin. He went to the guard hut and seized an M1 for himself and passed the American carbine to Martin. The guards realized the prisoners had escaped and five of them rushed toward Dengler, who shot at least three with the AK47. Phisit killed another guard as he reached for his rifle. Two others ran off, presumably to get help, although at least one had been wounded. The seven prisoners split into three groups. DeBruin was originally supposed to go with Dengler and Martin but decided to go with To, who was recovering from a fever and unable to keep up. They intended to get over the nearest ridge and wait for rescue. Dengler and Martin went off by themselves with the intention of heading for the Mekong River to escape to Thailand, but they never got more than a few miles from the camp from which they had escaped.

"Seven of us escaped," said Dengler. "I was the only one who came out alive."
With the exception of Phisit, who was recaptured and later rescued by Laotian troops, none of the other prisoners were ever seen again. DeBruin was reportedly captured and placed in another camp, then disappeared in 1968.

Rescue
Escape proved to be hazardous. Soon, the two men's feet were white, mangled stumps from trekking through the dense jungle. They found the sole of an old tennis shoe, which they wore alternately, strapping it onto a foot with rattan for a few moments' respite. In this way they were able to make their way to a fast-flowing river.

"It was the highway to freedom," said Dengler, "We knew it would flow into the Mekong River, which would take us over the border into Thailand and to safety."

The men built a raft and floated downstream on ferocious rapids, tying themselves to trees at night to stop themselves being washed away in the torrential water. By morning they would be covered in mud and hundreds of leeches. When they thought they were on their way to the Mekong, they discovered that they had gone around in a circle. They had spotted several villages but had not been detected. They set up camp in an abandoned village where they found shelter from the nearly incessant rain. They had brought rice with them and found other food, but were still on the verge of starvation. Their intent had been to signal a C-130 but at first lacked the energy to build a fire using primitive methods of rubbing bamboo together. Dengler finally managed to locate carbine cartridges that Martin had thrown away and used their powder to enhance the tinder and got a fire going. That night they lit torches and waved them in the shape of an S and O when a C-130 came over. The airplane circled and dropped a couple of flares and they were overjoyed, believing they had been spotted. They woke up the next morning to find the landscape covered by fog and drizzle, but when it lifted, no rescue force appeared.

Martin, who was weak from starvation and was suffering from malaria, wanted to approach a nearby Akha village to steal some food. Dengler knew it was not a good idea, but refused to let his friend go near the village alone. They saw a little boy playing with a dog and the child ran into the village calling out "American!" Within seconds a villager appeared and they knelt down on the trail in supplication, but the man swung his machete and struck Martin in the leg. With the next swipe, Martin's head came off. Dengler jumped to his feet and rushed toward the villager, who turned and ran into the village to get help.

I reached for the rubber sole from his foot, grabbed it and ran. From that moment on, all my motions became mechanical. I couldn't care less if I lived or died.

Dengler recalls, it was a wild animal who gave him the mental strength to continue.
"I was followed by this beautiful bear. He became like my pet dog and was the only friend I had."
These were his darkest hours. Little more than a walking skeleton after weeks on the run, he floated in and out of a hallucinatory state.

"I was just crawling along," he said. "Then I had a vision: these enormous doors opened up. Lots of horses came galloping out. They were not driven by death, but by angels. Death didn't want me."

Dengler managed to evade the searchers who went out after him and escaped back into the jungle. He returned to the abandoned village where the two had been spending their time and where he and Martin had signaled the C-130. That night when a C-130 flare-ship came, Dengler set fire to the huts and burned the village down. The C-130 crew spotted the fires and dropped flares, but even though the crew reported their sighting when they returned to Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, the fires were not recognized by intelligence as having been a signal from a survivor.

Deatrick has long marvelled at the fact that had he stuck to his original flight schedule on the morning of July 20, 1966, Dieter would not have been at the river to be sighted at that earlier hour. "If God put me on the earth for one reason," Deatrick says, "it was to find Dieter over there in the jungle." As it was, Deatrick describes it as "a million-in-one chance."
-Excerpt from Dengler biography regarding the role of pilot Eugene Deatrick

When a rescue force again failed to materialize, Dengler decided to find one of the parachutes from a flare for use as a possible signal. He found one on a bush and placed it in his rucksack. On July 20, 1966, after 23 days in the jungle, Dengler managed to signal an Air Force pilot with the parachute. A 2-ship flight of Air Force Skyraiders from the 1st Air Commando Squadron happened to fly up the river where Dengler was. Eugene Peyton Deatrick, the pilot of the lead plane and the squadron commander, spotted a flash of white while making a turn at the river's bend and came back and spotted a man waving something white. Deatrick and his wingman contacted rescue forces, but were told to ignore the sighting, as no airmen were known to be down in the area. Deatrick persisted and eventually managed to convince the command and control center to dispatch a rescue force. Fearing that Dengler might be a Viet Cong soldier, the helicopter crew restrained him when he was brought aboard.

According to the documentary Little Dieter Needs to Fly Dengler said one of the flight crew who was holding him down pulled out a half eaten snake from underneath Dengler's clothing and was so surprised he nearly fell out of the helicopter. Dengler was stripped of his clothes to ensure he was not armed or in possession of a hand grenade. When questioned, Dengler told Air Force pararescue specialist Michael Leonard that he was a Navy Lieutenant JG who had escaped from a North Vietnamese prisoner of war camp two months earlier. Deatrick radioed the rescue helicopter crew to see if they could identify the person they had just hoisted up from the jungle. They reported that they had a man who claimed to be a downed Navy pilot who flew a Douglas A-1H Skyraider.

It wasn't until after he reached the hospital at Da Nang that Dengler's identity was confirmed. A conflict between the Air Force and the Navy developed over who should control his debriefing and recovery. In an apparent attempt to prevent the Air Force from embarrassing them in some way, the Navy sent a team of SEALs into the hospital to steal Dengler. He was brought out of the hospital in a covered gurney and rushed to the air field, where he was placed aboard a Navy carrier delivery transport Grumman C-2A from VR-21 and flown to the Ranger where a welcoming party had been prepared. At night, however, he was tormented by awful terrors, and had to be tied to his bed. In the end, his friends put him to sleep in a cockpit, surrounded by pillows. "It was the only place I felt safe," he said.

Dengler's deprivation from malnutrition and parasites caused the Navy doctors to order that he be airlifted to the United States.

Later life and death
Dengler recovered physically, but never put his ordeal behind him. As Werner Herzog described it in his documentary about Dengler, "Men are often haunted by things that happen to them in life, especially in war Their lives seem to be normal, but they are not."

He remained in the navy for a year, was promoted to Lieutenant, and was trained to fly jets. When his military obligation was satisfied, he resigned from the Navy and applied for a position as an airline pilot with Trans World Airlines (TWA). He continued flying and survived four subsequent crashes as a civilian test pilot.

In 1977, during a time when he was furloughed from TWA, Dengler returned to Laos and was greeted as a celebrity by the Pathet Lao. He was taken to the camp from which he had escaped and was surprised to discover that at one point he and Martin had been within a mile and a half of it.

His fascination with airplanes and aviation continued for the remainder of his life. He continued flying almost up until his death. He took an early-retirement as a pilot for TWA sometime prior to 1985, but continued flying his meticulously restored Cessna 195, putting it on static display at numerous California air shows.

In 2000, Dengler was inducted into the Gathering of Eagles program and told the story of his escape to groups of young military officers. Dengler was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, an incurable neurological disorder; on February 7, 2001, he rolled his wheelchair from his house down to the driveway of a fire station and shot himself. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. A Navy honor guard was present at the burial as well as a fly-over by Navy F-14 Tomcats.

Lông Trắng, aka "White Feather Sniper"

After the Vietnam War
After returning to active duty, Hathcock helped establish the Marine Corps Scout Sniper School, at the Marine base in Quantico, Virginia. Due to his extreme injuries suffered in Vietnam, he was in nearly constant pain, but he continued to dedicate himself to teaching snipers.

In 1975, Hathcock's health began to deteriorate, and he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He stayed in the Corps, but his health continued to decline, and was forced to retire just 55 days short of the 20 years that would have made him eligible for full retirement pay. Being medically retired, he received 100% disability. He would have received only 50% of his final pay grade had he retired after 20 years. He fell into a state of depression when he was forced out of the Marines, because he felt as if the service had kicked him out. During this depression, his wife Jo nearly left him, but decided to stay. Hathcock eventually picked up the hobby of shark fishing, which helped him overcome his depression.

Hathcock provided sniper instruction to police departments and select military units, such as SEAL Team Six.

Civilian life
Hathcock once said that he survived in his work because of an ability to "get in the bubble", to put himself into a state of "utter, complete, absolute concentration", first with his equipment, then his environment, in which every breeze and every leaf meant something, and finally on his quarry. After the war, a friend showed Hathcock a passage written by Ernest Hemingway: "Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man, and those who have hunted armed men long enough and like it, never really care for anything else thereafter." He copied Hemingway's words on a piece of paper. "He got that right", Hathcock said. "It was the hunt, not the killing." Hathcock said in a book written about his career as a sniper: "I like shooting, and I love hunting. But I never did enjoy killing anybody. It's my job. If I don't get those bastards, then they're gonna kill a lot of these kids dressed up like Marines. That's the way I look at it."

Hathcock's son, Carlos Hathcock III, later enlisted in the Marine Corps; he retired from the Marine Corps as a Gunnery Sergeant after following in his father's footsteps as a shooter, and became a member of the Board of Governors of the Marine Corps Distinguished Shooters Association.

Carlos Hathcock died on February 23, 1999, in Virginia Beach, Virginia, from multiple sclerosis.

Hathcock was awarded a Silver Star in 1996 not for his sniping, but for his act in 1969 of saving the lives of seven fellow Marines after the amphibious tractor (AMTRAC) on which they were riding struck a landmine. Hathcock was knocked unconscious, but awoke in time to race back through the flames to rescue his injured comrades.

On this day in U.S. Army SF history, 31 Dec 1968
– (then) 1st Lt. James N. “Nick” Rowe escaped Viet Cong captivity.

Prisoner of war:
On October 29, 1963, after only three months in country, Rowe was captured by Viet Cong elements along with Captain Humberto "Rocky" R. Versace and Sergeant Daniel L. Pitzer while on an operation to drive a Viet Cong unit out of the village of Le Coeur. Rowe states that the VC were a main force unit due to his observations of their equipment.

Rowe was separated from his fellow Green Berets and spent 62 months in captivity with only brief encounters with fellow American POWs. Rowe was held in the U Minh Forest, better known as the "Forest of Darkness," in extreme southern Vietnam. During most of his five years in captivity Rowe was held in a 3 by 4 by 6 feet (0.91 m × 1.22 m × 1.83 m) bamboo cage.

As an intelligence officer, Rowe possessed vital information about the disposition of defenses around the CIDG camps, the locations of mine field, names of friendly Vietnamese, and unit locations and strength. Rowe had left his West Point ring at home in the United States, and he told his captors that he was a draftee engineer charged with building schools and other civil affairs projects. The Viet Cong interrogated him unsuccessfully. They gave him some engineering problems to solve and Rowe, relying on the basic instruction in engineering he'd received at West Point, successfully maintained his deception.

However, Rowe's deceptive cover was blown when the Viet Cong managed to obtain a list of American high-value prisoners-of-war (POWs), and his name was in the list, identifying him as an intelligence officer. This enraged the VC, prompting them to order his execution.

Rowe was then led deep into the jungle to be shot. When his would-be executioners were distracted by a flight of American helicopters, he overpowered his guard, escaped and flagged down a UH-1 helicopter. He was rescued on December 31, 1968. Rowe had been promoted to Major during captivity.

In 1971, he authored the book, Five Years to Freedom, an account of his years as a prisoner of war. In 1974, he continued his military career the U.S. Army Reserve.
-Special Forces Association Chapter LX